The article reviews the use of immunofluorescence in diagnosis and how it helps in defining the pathomechanism of various diseases. The methods of preparation of conjugated antisera, their standardization and use are described. The two principle techniques are direct staining in which fluorescein labelled antibody is added to detect substances i.e. antigen in the tissues and indirect staining, in which unconjugated antibody is added to the section, and any fixed antibody is detected by the subsequent addition of conjugated antiglobulin sera. It has greatly increased the opportunity to diagnose pemphigus, pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, lupus erythematosus and certain other dermatological disorders particularly in atypical cases.

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One hundred and ten patients with gastrointestinal disorders comprising Idiopathic tropical malabsorption syndrome (33), gastro-intestinal malignancies (25), ulcerative colitis (25) and intestinal tuberculosis (25) were studied' for cutaneous manifestations. Acquired ichthysosis, glossitis, xerosis conjunctivae with or without bitot spots, aphthous ulcerations in the oral cavity, hyperpigmcntation and various types of hair and nail changes were observed in a varying percentage of cases. Acquired ichthyosis was the most frequently encountered observation.

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Seventy random patients suffering from corticosteroid responsive derinatoses were selected for a trial with bufexamac cream, a non steroid synthetic agent and its effectiveness was studied

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An attempt was made to detect the percent of parasites in a selective number of cases suffering from clinical scabies, the different stag of parasites and their number were noted. Certain peculiarities of the manifestation of the disease noted wtre (i) involvement of peculiar sites specially in children such as palms, soles, face (including fore-head), neck, scalp and earlobe, (2) associated impetigo in a large number of patients and (3) middle class, upper middle class and rich people were also affected.

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One thousand consecutive male patients attending the VD clinic, Government General Hospital, Guntur were studied regarding their age, marital status, female contacts, places of contacts, time of contact and economic status. 58.8% were single, 38.8% were, married and 2.4% were widowers. The highest incidence, 94.3% of VD was found between 16-30 years. 36.4% were found in the teenagers. Among the female contacts 39.4% were prostitutes and 60.5% non-paid contacts. 69.6% of female contacts were teenagers. In our series the sexual contact with the prostitute mostly took place in the prostitute's residence and in no paid female contacts, fields were the commonest place in rural area and the residence of either in the urban areas. In the rural areas sexual contact in fields usually took place in the afternoon recess for lunch or in the evening after the day's work. In the urban areas the sexual contact usually occurred between 6 and 10 p.m. The income of the patients attending the VD clinic in 94.6% cases is less than Rs. 200/-p'm. Only two patients had income over Rs. 5001- p.m. The various factors responsible for the increase of venereal diseases have been discussed in detail.

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Ten cases of black grain mycetoma of foot are described. The micromorphology of the black grain sections, made manually, was in correlation with the cultural study. Madurelia grisea was isolated from 9 cases and.Madurella mycetomi from one. Cultural, morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of 9 isolates of M. grisea and one of M. mycetomi isolated from the cases, were inconformity with those of type species. There was involvement of bony tissues in both the types of infection. The disease followed previous trauma in 2 cases and was localised even in the cases of 18 years duration. There was higher predilection of adult males than females to this disease, but occupation had no relation. The prevalence of these infections in India are discussed.

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