Serum copper levels were determined in 20 normal persons and 30 vitiligo patients by the method of Gubler et al (1952).The levels in vitiligo patients (126.75 +- 27.07 micrograms %) were lower than in normal persons (121.70 +- 29.24 micrograms %). The difference is found to be not significant statistically. However, it is suggested that levels of serum copper othter than that present as caeruloplasmin may be significantly low in vitiligo patients.

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A clinical study of 100 patients and a detailed histopathological report of 67 slides of pemphigus are reported. Half the number of patients are of the younger age group of 22 to 40 years. Pemphigus vulgaris presents with two grades of severity. The severe type is characterised by a rapid evolution and extensive body involvement and marked toxaemia, while the moderate type by slow evolution, less generalised eruption and low or no toxaemia. Lesions in pemphigus vulgaris are flaccid bullae arising on normal skin and healing without scarring. Mucous membrane involvement is the characteristic feature of this type. Oral lesions are often the first to appear and the last to heal. Lesions on the palms and soles occur late in the disease and carry a grave prognosis. Pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus seborrhoecus are more benign and have a chronic course. The primary lesion is a flaccid buila, adherent in the centre with circinate or polycyclic edges on an erythematous base. Verrucoid plaques with greasy adherent crusts are often noticed in the seborrhoecus type. Butterfly area of the face, scalp, midchest and interscapular regions are most often involved in both the types. Foliaceus showed a tendency to generalised spread while seborrhoecus is a localised disease. Mucous memberane involvement is conspicuous by its absence. Clinical transformations from the foliaceus to the seborrhoecus type and the reverse are frequently encountered. These are not observed in the vulgaris type. Histopathological findings can be broadly divided into two group. Pemphigus vulgaris is characterised by suprabasal clefts with predominance of less keratinized acantholytic cells. These cells show large vesicular noncondensed nuclei with perinuclear halo and basophilic cytoplasm. Barring 5 exceptions pemphigus foliaceous and seboffhoecus showed a more superficially located cleft, the acantholoygic cells are more keratinised and dyskeratosis was encountered in one case of each type. These acanthoytic cells show pyknotic nuclei, without perinuclear halos, and eosinophilic cytoplasm. It is suggested that differentiation in the type of acantholytic cells can be used as an index of prognostication and for more accurate determination of the type of pemphigus.

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Venereal diseases in cattle, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs and rabbits are described. Experimental studies performed in animals regarding syphilis, gonorrhoea, LGV, donovania granulomatis, conayioma accuminata have been discussed.

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Three cases of ichthyosis hystrix have been reported in the same family, a very rare occurrence.

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The third case of incontinentia pigmenti from the Indian subcontinent is reported making a total of 24 cases from Asia. Various stages of incontinentia pigmenti have been, observed very typically in this case and were, confirmed by histopathological study, Literature on incontinentia pigmenti has been briefly reviewed and its aetiology discussed.

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