Generic selectors
Exact matches only
Search in title
Search in content
Post Type Selectors
Search in posts
Search in pages
Filter by Categories
15th National Conference of the IAOMFP, Chennai, 2006
Abstract
Abstracts from current literature
Acne in India: Guidelines for management - IAA Consensus Document
Addendum
Announcement
Art & Psychiatry
Article
Articles
Association Activities
Association Notes
Award Article
Book Review
Brief Report
Case Analysis
Case Letter
Case Letters
Case Notes
Case Report
Case Reports
Clinical and Laboratory Investigations
Clinical Article
Clinical Studies
Clinical Study
Commentary
Conference Oration
Conference Summary
Continuing Medical Education
Correspondence
Corrigendum
Cosmetic Dermatology
Cosmetology
Current Best Evidence
Current Issue
Current View
Derma Quest
Dermato Surgery
Dermatopathology
Dermatosurgery Specials
Dispensing Pearl
Do you know?
Drug Dialogues
e-IJDVL
Editor Speaks
Editorial
Editorial Remarks
Editorial Report
Editorial Report - 2007
Editorial report for 2004-2005
Errata
Erratum
Focus
Fourth All India Conference Programme
From Our Book Shelf
From the Desk of Chief Editor
General
Get Set for Net
Get set for the net
Guest Article
Guest Editorial
History
How I Manage?
IADVL Announcement
IADVL Announcements
IJDVL Awards
IJDVL AWARDS 2015
IJDVL Awards 2018
IJDVL Awards 2019
IJDVL Awards 2020
IJDVL International Awards 2018
Images in Clinical Practice
In Memorium
Inaugural Address
Index
Knowledge From World Contemporaries
Leprosy Section
Letter in Response to Previous Publication
Letter to Editor
Letter to the Editor
Letter to the Editor - Case Letter
Letter to the Editor - Letter in Response to Published Article
LETTER TO THE EDITOR - LETTERS IN RESPONSE TO PUBLISHED ARTICLES
Letter to the Editor - Observation Letter
Letter to the Editor - Study Letter
Letter to the Editor - Therapy Letter
Letter to the Editor: Articles in Response to Previously Published Articles
Letters in Response to Previous Publication
Letters to the Editor
Letters to the Editor - Letter in Response to Previously Published Articles
Letters to the Editor: Case Letters
Letters to the Editor: Letters in Response to Previously Published Articles
Medicolegal Window
Messages
Miscellaneous Letter
Musings
Net Case
Net case report
Net Image
Net Images
Net Letter
Net Quiz
Net Study
New Preparations
News
News & Views
Obituary
Observation Letter
Observation Letters
Oration
Original Article
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Original Contributions
Pattern of Skin Diseases
Pearls
Pediatric Dermatology
Pediatric Rounds
Perspective
Presedential Address
Presidential Address
Presidents Remarks
Quiz
Recommendations
Regret
Report
Report of chief editor
Report of Hon : Treasurer IADVL
Report of Hon. General Secretary IADVL
Research Methdology
Research Methodology
Resident page
Resident's Page
Resident’s Page
Residents' Corner
Residents' Corner
Residents' Page
Retraction
Review
Review Article
Review Articles
Reviewers 2022
Revision Corner
Self Assessment Programme
SEMINAR
Seminar: Chronic Arsenicosis in India
Seminar: HIV Infection
Short Communication
Short Communications
Short Report
Snippets
Special Article
Specialty Interface
Studies
Study Letter
Study Letters
Supplement-Photoprotection
Supplement-Psoriasis
Symposium - Contact Dermatitis
Symposium - Lasers
Symposium - Pediatric Dermatoses
Symposium - Psoriasis
Symposium - Vesicobullous Disorders
SYMPOSIUM - VITILIGO
Symposium Aesthetic Surgery
Symposium Dermatopathology
Symposium-Hair Disorders
Symposium-Nails Part I
Symposium-Nails-Part II
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis
Tables
Technology
Therapeutic Guideline-IADVL
Therapeutic Guidelines
Therapeutic Guidelines - IADVL
Therapeutics
Therapy
Therapy Letter
Therapy Letters
View Point
Viewpoint
What’s new in Dermatology
Generic selectors
Exact matches only
Search in title
Search in content
Post Type Selectors
Search in posts
Search in pages
Filter by Categories
15th National Conference of the IAOMFP, Chennai, 2006
Abstract
Abstracts from current literature
Acne in India: Guidelines for management - IAA Consensus Document
Addendum
Announcement
Art & Psychiatry
Article
Articles
Association Activities
Association Notes
Award Article
Book Review
Brief Report
Case Analysis
Case Letter
Case Letters
Case Notes
Case Report
Case Reports
Clinical and Laboratory Investigations
Clinical Article
Clinical Studies
Clinical Study
Commentary
Conference Oration
Conference Summary
Continuing Medical Education
Correspondence
Corrigendum
Cosmetic Dermatology
Cosmetology
Current Best Evidence
Current Issue
Current View
Derma Quest
Dermato Surgery
Dermatopathology
Dermatosurgery Specials
Dispensing Pearl
Do you know?
Drug Dialogues
e-IJDVL
Editor Speaks
Editorial
Editorial Remarks
Editorial Report
Editorial Report - 2007
Editorial report for 2004-2005
Errata
Erratum
Focus
Fourth All India Conference Programme
From Our Book Shelf
From the Desk of Chief Editor
General
Get Set for Net
Get set for the net
Guest Article
Guest Editorial
History
How I Manage?
IADVL Announcement
IADVL Announcements
IJDVL Awards
IJDVL AWARDS 2015
IJDVL Awards 2018
IJDVL Awards 2019
IJDVL Awards 2020
IJDVL International Awards 2018
Images in Clinical Practice
In Memorium
Inaugural Address
Index
Knowledge From World Contemporaries
Leprosy Section
Letter in Response to Previous Publication
Letter to Editor
Letter to the Editor
Letter to the Editor - Case Letter
Letter to the Editor - Letter in Response to Published Article
LETTER TO THE EDITOR - LETTERS IN RESPONSE TO PUBLISHED ARTICLES
Letter to the Editor - Observation Letter
Letter to the Editor - Study Letter
Letter to the Editor - Therapy Letter
Letter to the Editor: Articles in Response to Previously Published Articles
Letters in Response to Previous Publication
Letters to the Editor
Letters to the Editor - Letter in Response to Previously Published Articles
Letters to the Editor: Case Letters
Letters to the Editor: Letters in Response to Previously Published Articles
Medicolegal Window
Messages
Miscellaneous Letter
Musings
Net Case
Net case report
Net Image
Net Images
Net Letter
Net Quiz
Net Study
New Preparations
News
News & Views
Obituary
Observation Letter
Observation Letters
Oration
Original Article
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Original Contributions
Pattern of Skin Diseases
Pearls
Pediatric Dermatology
Pediatric Rounds
Perspective
Presedential Address
Presidential Address
Presidents Remarks
Quiz
Recommendations
Regret
Report
Report of chief editor
Report of Hon : Treasurer IADVL
Report of Hon. General Secretary IADVL
Research Methdology
Research Methodology
Resident page
Resident's Page
Resident’s Page
Residents' Corner
Residents' Corner
Residents' Page
Retraction
Review
Review Article
Review Articles
Reviewers 2022
Revision Corner
Self Assessment Programme
SEMINAR
Seminar: Chronic Arsenicosis in India
Seminar: HIV Infection
Short Communication
Short Communications
Short Report
Snippets
Special Article
Specialty Interface
Studies
Study Letter
Study Letters
Supplement-Photoprotection
Supplement-Psoriasis
Symposium - Contact Dermatitis
Symposium - Lasers
Symposium - Pediatric Dermatoses
Symposium - Psoriasis
Symposium - Vesicobullous Disorders
SYMPOSIUM - VITILIGO
Symposium Aesthetic Surgery
Symposium Dermatopathology
Symposium-Hair Disorders
Symposium-Nails Part I
Symposium-Nails-Part II
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis
Tables
Technology
Therapeutic Guideline-IADVL
Therapeutic Guidelines
Therapeutic Guidelines - IADVL
Therapeutics
Therapy
Therapy Letter
Therapy Letters
View Point
Viewpoint
What’s new in Dermatology
View/Download PDF

Translate this page into:

Letter To Editor
2008:74:1;62-63
doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.38415
PMID: 18187831

Poland's syndrome

Saurabh Agarwal1 , Ajay Arya2
1 Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Uttarakhand Forest Hospital Trust and Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand - 263 169, India
2 Department of Pediatrics, Uttarakhand Forest Hospital Trust and Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand - 263 169, India

Correspondence Address:
Saurabh Agarwal
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Uttarakhand Forest Hospital Trust and Medical College, Haldwani Nainital, Uttarakhand - 263 139
India
How to cite this article:
Agarwal S, Arya A. Poland's syndrome. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2008;74:62-63
Copyright: (C)2008 Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology
Figure 2: Brachydactyly (index finger and thumb) of the right hand and abnormal dermatoglyphics
Figure 2: Brachydactyly (index finger and thumb) of the right hand and abnormal dermatoglyphics
Figure 1: Partial absence (decreased bulk) of right pectoralis major muscle and absence of right breast
Figure 1: Partial absence (decreased bulk) of right pectoralis major muscle and absence of right breast

Sir,

Poland′s syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by unilateral chest wall hypoplasia and ipsilateral hand anomalies. We are reporting a 10-year-old boy with right-sided Poland′s syndrome.

A 10-year-old boy presented with complaints of weakness on the right side along with shortening of fingers of the right hand since birth. On cutaneous examination he had decreased muscle bulk (partial absence) of the pectoralis major muscle of the right shoulder girdle and right breast was also absent [Figure - 1]. There was shortening of index finger and thumb (brachydactyly) of the right hand [Figure - 2]. The dermatoglyphics were also abnormal as seen in [Figure - 2]. Other cutaneous examination was unremarkable except a melanocytic nevus on the upper part of the right side of the chest. Systemic examination was within normal limits. His birth history was unremarkable. Family history of similar anomalies was negative.

Chest X- ray showed bifid fourth rib on the right side. There was no dextrocardia. There was anterior protrusion of the right second-eighth costal cartilages (pectus carinatum) seen on lateral chest X-ray. Roentgenograms of the hand confirmed the clinical findings. Other skeletal survey was unremarkable. Ultrasound abdomen did not reveal any abnormality. Routine hematological and biochemical investigations were within normal limits.

Poland′s syndrome, also known as Poland′s sequence or Poland′s anomaly, was first described by Alfred Poland in 1841 [1] and includes partial or complete absence of pectoralis along with ipsilateral hand anomalies, ranging from mild defects to severe bony abnormalities. The incidence ranges from 1 in 7000 to 1 in 100,000 live births. [2] The right side of the body is affected three times more frequently than the left and it is more common in boys than in girls. In most cases Poland′s syndrome is sporadic, with a negligible risk of reoccurrence in the same family. A very few cases are familial. The inheritance can be autosomal dominant; however, variable expressivity and reduced penetrance is usually present.

A compulsory diagnostic criterion for Poland′s syndrome is the presence of aplasia or hypoplasia of the pectoralis major muscle and at least one combined abnormality. Among these, the most frequent are atelia or amastia, hand malformations like syndactyly, brachysyndactyly and symbrachydactyly, upper limb asymmetry, radius/ulna hypoplasia, costal aplasias/hypoplasias, absence of axillary hair, dermatoglyphic abnormalities, dextrocardia, liver/biliary tract anomalies. [2],[3] The extent and involvement of these components are variable and it is rare for all features to be present in the same individual.

Reconstructive surgery is the main course of treatment and includes latissimus dorsi muscle flap and silicone breast implants to give the chest a normal shape. [4] Also, physical therapy may help to develop compensatory muscles of the shoulder girdle and preserve function of the shoulder girdle.

References
1.
Poland A. Deficiency of the pectoral muscles. Guy Hosp Rep 1841;6:191-3.
[Google Scholar]
2.
Fokin AA, Robicsek F. Poland's syndrome revisited. Ann Thorac Surg 2002;74: 2218-25.
[Google Scholar]
3.
Urschel HC Jr. Poland's syndrome. Chest Surg Clin North Am 2000;10:393-403.
[Google Scholar]
4.
Gatti JE. Poland's deformity reconstructions with customized, extra soft silicone prosthesis. Ann Plast Surg 1997;39:122-30.
[Google Scholar]

Fulltext Views
2,235

PDF downloads
1,088
Show Sections